Deep Learning for Network Traffic Monitoring and Analysis (NTMA): A Survey

Modern communication systems and networks, e.g., Internet of Things (IoT) and cellular networks, generate a massive and heterogeneous amount of traffic data. In such networks, the traditional network management techniques for monitoring and data analytics face some challenges and issues, e.g., accuracy, and effective processing of big data in a real-time fashion. Moreover, the pattern of network traffic, especially in cellular networks, shows very complex behavior because of various factors, such as device mobility and network heterogeneity. Deep learning has been efficiently employed to facilitate analytics and knowledge discovery in big data systems to recognize hidden and complex patterns. Motivated by these successes, researchers in the field of networking apply deep learning models for Network Traffic Monitoring and Analysis (NTMA) applications, e.g., traffic classification and prediction. This paper provides a comprehensive review on applications of deep learning in NTMA. We first provide fundamental background relevant to our review. Then, we give an insight into the confluence of deep learning and NTMA, and review deep learning techniques proposed for NTMA applications. Finally, we discuss key challenges, open issues, and future research directions for using deep learning in NTMA applications.publishedVersio

Employment and Unemployment Scenario of Bangladesh: A Trends Analysis

Economic growth is necessary for poverty reduction, but not sufficient. Bangladesh has experienced rapid economic growth, structural shifts in the economy, increase in educational attainment levels, and rapid urbanization since gaining its independence in 1971. Empirical evidences showed that, productive employment plays a key role in transmitting the benefits of economic growth into poverty reduction. As a labor abundant country, the prospect of the entire economy of Bangladesh depends on the features of the labor market. The changing features of the composition of labor force, employment, unemployment scenario depends on various factors such as demography, structural change, change of social attitude. In Bangladesh, labor force participation is growing at a faster pace than the current employment generating capacity of the economy making it difficult for the country to absorb the incremental labor force in productive and remunerative employment. In this paper we have seen that labor force participation increasing in a steady way, female participation on labor force are increasing rapidly, labor participation on others sectors are more than agricultural sector. Labor are migrating rural to urban due to industrialization and development of infrastructure. As such, the country needs higher and more employment intensive economic growth for which adoption of several complementary approaches could be useful, such as giving priority to more employment friendly growth policies, widening micro credit based and targeted employment generating programs and special schemes for new job creation especially in rural areas, and increasingly tapping overseas employment opportunities focusing on skill intensive jobs in the global market. Keywords: Labor force, Employment, Unemployment

Effect of Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy on Electrocardiographic Changes Among Patients with Congestive Heart Failure

Introduction: Nocturnal hypoxia is an important factor in increasing the risk of mortality in patients with chronic heart failure and is associated with atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. In addition, QT dispersion (QTd) is used as a prognostic sign in determining future malignant arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In the current study, we investigated the effect of nocturnal oxygen therapy (NOT) on electrocardiographic changes among patients with chronic heart failure.Methods: In this study, a consecutive of 154 patients (87 males and 67 females) known with chronic heart failure (EF ≤ 40%) were enrolled. The patients were administered NOT (oxygen flow of 2 L/min for 8 hours during sleeping). Electrocardiography was takenbefore and after the NOT, and RR interval, PR interval and QTd were measured each time.Results: The mean age of the participants was 61.3 ± 11.4 years. Our results revealed significant reduction in QTd (55.8 ± 7.5 vs. 61.4± 9.1 msec, P = 0.001) and heart rate (79.6 ± 4.7 vs. 76.8 ± 4.3, P = 0.001) in a patient’s electrocardiogram after NOT.Conclusions: In this study, NOT decreased heart rate and QTd in patients with chronic heart failure, but not PR interval, which could consequently decrease the risk of malignant arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death